Usado por: Havana

• Chief naval station of Spanish in 16th cen.; captured by British in 1762, restored in 1763; site of initial battle of Spanish-American War in 1898; seat of revolutionary government since 1959; landmarks include 16th-cen. El Morro Castle and la Punta Fort.

Usado por: As Suʻūdīyyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

• Area shares history with Arabian Peninsula; dual kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz formed 1926 by ibn-Saud; later renamed as single kingdom; boundary disputes with neighbors 1930s-1950s; boundaries with Yemen, Oman, and United Arab Emirates are still not defined; official language is Arabic.

Usado por: Iraq, Republic of Iraq , Jumhüriyyat al ʻIrāq, Al Iraq, Al Jumhouriya al 'Iraquia, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻIrāqīyah

Usado por: Federal Republic of Nigeria

Usado por: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

• Area settled extensively by 2000 BCE; various tribes of Caribs and Arawaks developed cultures in area that linked Andes civilizations and those of Caribbean and the Amazon basin; sighted by Columbus in 1498; settled by the Spanish by 1520; part of Gran Colombia 1823-1830; official language is Spanish, though various Amerindian dialects are also spoken.

Usado por: Tasmania, State of, State of Tasmania

• Europeans arrived in 1642 (Dutch Tasman); British settled in 1803 as penal colony; had Anglo-Aboriginal conflicts late 19th cen.; Tasmanian Aboriginals were extinct 1876; island has unique animal species, including Tasmanian Devil; largest city is Hobart.

Usado por: Tangier

• Ancient Carthaginian and Roman settlement; occupied by Islamic dynasties 705-1471, then Spanish and Portuguese until 1662 when transferred to England; became international city in 1923 governed by international representatives; integrated with Morocco 1956.

Usado por: Göteborg , Goteborg , Goteburg

Usado por: Key West (island), Cayo Hueso, Thompsons Island, Thomsons Island

• Îrān is located south of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf. It borders Turkey, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The capital city is Tehran and the primary language is Farsi, although Turkish, Kurdish, and Afghan are spoken among the minorities. Islam is the primary religion. The country was inhabited in 100,000 BCE, but recorded history began with the Elmites in 3000 BCE. Three major dynasties of this pre-Islamic era are the Persian (550-331 BCE), the Parthian (250 BCE- 224 CE) and the Sassanian (224-651 CE). The Persians were able to establish an empire with the help of Cyrus the Great. This dynasty collapsed in 331 BCE when Alexander the Great conquered the region. After the fall of the Seleucid, Parthian, Bactrian, and Sassanian empires, the non-Persian Islamic princes began their rule. Following this period came the Safavid (1502-1736) dynasty (marking an Írānian state with roughly the same boundaries as present-day Írān) and the Qājār (1779-1921) dynasty. During Qājār rule, European intervention in Iranian politics began to elevate. After a famine and bankruptcy in 1921 the last of the Qājār kings, Nāser od-Dīn Shāh and Mozzaffar od-Dīn Shāh, set the grounds for Reza Khan's takeover, effectively beginning the last Persian dynasty, the Pahlavi (1921-1979 CE). Khan's son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1941-1979 CE), took power, and fled the country in 1979, giving way to the Islamic Republic of Írān.