Use for: Göteborg , Goteborg , Goteburg

Use for: Türkiye, Republic of Turkey, Turkey, Republic of

• Indigenous Anatolian peoples were invaded by Indo-European Hittites, forming empire ca. 1900 BCE; ruled by Persians 6th century BCE, then Greeks, then Romans 1st century BCE; settled by Turks from central Asia 11th century; was heart of Ottoman Empire 13th-19th centuries; official language is Turkish.

Use for: Sakartvelo, Republic of Georgia, Georgia, Republic of

• Area contained ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia; taken by Rome 64 BCE; became Christian 4th century; ruled by Persia (ca. 555) and Arabs (8th century); invaded by Armenians, Mongols, and Turks (1071 and 1600); annexed to Russia 1801; part of Soviet Union from 1922; official language is Georgian.

Use for: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

• Area settled extensively by 2000 BCE; various tribes of Caribs and Arawaks developed cultures in area that linked Andes civilizations and those of Caribbean and the Amazon basin; sighted by Columbus in 1498; settled by the Spanish by 1520; part of Gran Colombia 1823-1830; official language is Spanish, though various Amerindian dialects are also spoken.

Use for: Tasmania, State of, State of Tasmania

• Europeans arrived in 1642 (Dutch Tasman); British settled in 1803 as penal colony; had Anglo-Aboriginal conflicts late 19th cen.; Tasmanian Aboriginals were extinct 1876; island has unique animal species, including Tasmanian Devil; largest city is Hobart.

Use for: Tangier

• Ancient Carthaginian and Roman settlement; occupied by Islamic dynasties 705-1471, then Spanish and Portuguese until 1662 when transferred to England; became international city in 1923 governed by international representatives; integrated with Morocco 1956.

Use for: Sūrīyah

• Earliest inhabitants of the area were probably Natufians ca. 10,000 BCE; home to several great cultures, including Akkadians and Amorites 3rd-2nd millenia BCE; ruled by Alexander, Romans, Arabs, and Ottomans; shares name with ancient region covering a wider area; official language is Arabic.

Use for: Lake Ontario

• Serves as boundary between New York state, United States, and Ontario province, Canada; smallest of Great Lakes.

Use for: Lake Erie

• Bounded on the west and north by Ontario province, Canada, on the southwest by Michigan state, on the east by New York state and on the south by Pennsylvania and Ohio states, USA; serves as part of USA-Canada border.

Use for: Saint Vincent, St Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Use for: As Suʻūdīyyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

• Area shares history with Arabian Peninsula; dual kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz formed 1926 by ibn-Saud; later renamed as single kingdom; boundary disputes with neighbors 1930s-1950s; boundaries with Yemen, Oman, and United Arab Emirates are still not defined; official language is Arabic.

Use for: Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Samoa, Samoa, Independent State of, Independent State of Samoa

• Comprises western Samoa Islands; area was settled by Polynesians (probably from Tonga) of lapita tradition by 1000 BCE; large societies developed by 300 BCE; controlled by Germany, Britain, and the United States in the late 19th century; controlled by New Zealand after WW I; official languages are Samoan (a Polynesian dialect) and English.

Use for: Danube

• Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names

Use for: Queen Charlotte Islands, Haida Islands

• Off northwest coast of British Columbia, separated from mainland BC by Hecate Strait, Queen Charlotte Land District.

Use for: Antarctic Continent

Use for: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

• Earliest inhabitants immigrated from Florida or Orinoco basin of South America; was inhabited by Arawaks under threat from Caribs when Columbus visited in 1493; Spanish settlers wiped out Arawaks, brought Africans here as slaves for gold mines & plantations; official language is Spanish, though English is also spoken. Puerto Rico does not have first-order administrative divisions according to CIA World Factbook, instead at the second order it has 78 municipalities.