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Cavalry (Albumen, Kodak No. 1 print)

Item is a mounted albumen print on paper manufactured by Kodak and likely taken using the Kodak No. 1 camera, which came pre-loaded with film. When all 100 exposures had been made by the consumer, the entire camera was sent back to the Kodak company for prints to be made, and the camera to be reloaded. The Kodak No. 1 produced circular snapshots.
The image depicts a man seated on a horse, surrounded by onlookers with bicycles. Inscription on the reverse reads "Cavalry [illeg] Park West".

View-Master

Item is a handheld view master manufactured by Sawyer's Inc and first introduced at the New York World Fair (1939-1940). Item is made of plastic and metal. Reel of 7 diametrical, 16 mm colour transparencies of famous landmarks in British Columbia, Canada. The lever on the side of the viewer will rotate the reel one frame at a time once pressed. Reels are interchangeable and come with a variety of themes.

Sawyer's 3D view master

Item is a handheld view master manufactured by Swayer's Inc first introduced at the New York World Fair (1939-1940). Reel has 7 diametrical, 16 mm colour transparencies of Hollywood, California landmarks. The lever on the side of the viewer will rotate the reel one frame at a time once pressed. Originally this item was meant as an educational tool for adults but quickly became a popular children's toy. Item is made of plastic and metal. Reels are interchangeable and come with a variety of themes.

Motion-picture cameras

Series contains cameras that use film to capture moving images for display. While still image cameras expose one image at a time on photographic film, motion picture cameras take a series of images (or frames) on long strips of film that are then played back using a projector. The speed at which the film is projected matches that which it was taken, a speed (or frame rate) of 24 frames per second was long the standard in the motion picture industry, and is enough to appear to the human eye as motion and not simply a string of still images. Most of the cameras in this series are for amateur or "home movie" use.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Gardner's Art Through the Ages

Series contains images to accompany Gardner's Art Through the Ages, 10th edition. Topics include sculpture, architecture, painting, and photgoraphy from ancient to modern. Slides are housed in 1 binder, with index included.

The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited

Gardner's Art Through the Ages

Series contains images to accompany Gardner's Art Through the Ages, 12th edition. Topics include sculpture, architecture, painting, and photgoraphy from ancient to modern. Slides are housed in 2 binders, with index included.

Saskia Cultural Documentation

Early Canadian Photography

File contains 35mm slides produced from original objects and books belonging to the Ryerson Image Centre, focusing on the items in their collection produced by Canadian photographers in the latter half of the 19th century. Photographers include; B.F. Baltzley, George Barker, R. Bell, Ernest Brown, F.G. Clauded, F. Dally, G.M. Dawson, Edward Dossetter, D.B. Dowling, Dunmore & Criterson, Elliston & Co., W. England, Erwing & Co., Faribault, A. Henderson, H.L. Hime (Armstrong, Beere & Hime), Charles Horetzky, J. INglis, Ryder Larson, William Augustus Leggo, Livernois & Bienveau, J.W. Lowe, A.P. Low, R. Maynard, R.G. McLaughlin, J.G. Parks, Capt. Jason Peters, J. Richardson, G.P. Roberts, Alexander Ross, A.R.C. Selwyn, Stiff Brothers, L.G. Swain, W.J. Topley, J. Turner, J.B. Tyrell, J.P. Vallee, T.C. Weston, William Williamson.

The Image Centre

Professional and press cameras

Series contains cameras designed to fulfill specific, professional functions such as surveying, aerial photography, studio portraits and press work. These cameras are often the best items in the manufacturers line, offering more features and a sturdier construction than their amateur counterparts.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Wooden camera obscura [replica]

Cameras of this kind were used during the 18th and 19th century by artists and travelling tourists to sketch landscapes and buildings. A piece of transparent paper was placed on the matte screen. One could now trace the outlines of the subject as a guide for later elaborate sketching or painting. It was the predecessor of photographic cameras which, after 1839, could record the image by the reaction of chemical substances to light. Later the simple meniscus lenses were replaced by more corrected lens elements.

Nassau, Wilhelm E.

Mousetrap camera [replica]

Item is a small, wooden camera obscura with a single meniskus lens to demonstrate function of matt glass focusing screen and focal length. It is a replica built in the style of the small "mousetrap" cameras designed by William Henry Fox Talbot in the mid 1830's. They were simple wooden boxes with a single lens used to expose paper negatives, sensitized by silver nitrate (the calotype or Talbotype process). Exposures often took hours, and Talbot had several of the cameras made by a local joiner near his country home in Laycock, Wiltshire.

Nassau, Wilhelm E.

Rolleiflex Grey Baby

Item is a knob-advance twin lens reflex camera for 4 x 4 cm exposures on 127 format film. More compact than other twin lens reflex cameras, with a smaller negatives, the Grey Body has a Xenar f3.5 lens with a Syncrho compur shutter. The camera comes in a gray leather case and is equipped with an ultra violet Waltz filter and a lens hood.

The American Cereal Company

Item is a photomechanical reproductioon stereocard produced as a giveaway by the American Cereal Co. The cards were included in the packaging of Pettijohn's Breakfast Food cereal. The company was also giving away stere-viewers when consumers sent in a cut out from the packaging along with 50 cents.

The American Cereal Co.

C.P. Venizia stereographs

File contains photographic stereocards depicting Italian architectural sites by Carlo Ponte and Carlo Naya, including St. Peters (Rome), the entrance to the Grand Canal (Venice), Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Nativity of Saint Mary (Milan), the Porta Magna Arsenal (Venice), PIazza San Marco (Venice), the Giants Staircase of the Doges Palace (Venice), the Roman Amphitheater (Verona). Some stereocards published under the name "C. Naya Venise".

C. P. Venezia

Canadian perspectives: a national conference on Canadian photography

Series contains the audio recordings, slides and transcript publication related to the conference on Canadian photography, hosted by Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, Photographic Arts Department, Toronto, in 1979. 23 presentations were recorded, with the categories: "Canadian Photography-Historical Perspectives", "Regional Overviews of Contemporary Canadian Photography", "Support Systems", and "Studying Photography". Includes the transcripts of a panel discussion and question periods which followed 11 presentations. Contributors include: Rudolf Arnheim, R.J. Huyda, Stanley S. Triggs, Donald Gillies, Ann Thomas,Chris Youngs, David MacKenzie, Katherine Tweedie, Penny Cousineau, Doug Clark, Tom Gore, Claudie Beck, Patrick Close, Millie McKibbon, Andrew Birrell, Paul Couvrette, Darryl Williams, Hu Hohn, David Robinson, Alain Desvergnes, John Ward, Geoffrey James, Bob Scott, Phyllis Lambert, Andrew Gruft, Ann Pearson, Michael Brower, Alain Clavet, Namia Aer, Isaac Applebaum, Pat Fleisher, Gail Fisher-Taylor, David Hlynsky, Jorge Guerra, Valerie Burton, Alex Giannellia, Michael Schreier, Frances Johnston, Bill Aeler, David McMillan, Ted Hunt, Jim Borcoman, Charles Gagnon, David Heath, Phil Bergerson.

Image Arts

Marion & Co. 5x7 Tailboard Camera

Item is a wood and brass folding field camera, for 4¾" × 6½" (120 × 165) or half-plate exposures on glass plates. Camera bellows are red leather and square cornered. The lens is a J.H. Dallmeyer rectilinear lens, dated 1889, with the serial number 49700.

Marion & Co.

Stereoscopic and multi lens cameras

Series contains cameras that have with more than one lens, to create multiple images on the same light sensitive film or plate. These cameras were designed for several purposes, the most popular being the stereoscopic, or three-dimensional, image. Most stereo cameras work by taking two simultaneous images from slightly varying points of view that correspond to the distance between the human eyes. The images are then mounted side-by-side and viewed through a stereoscope (a system of two lenses that helps to converge the two photographs, to mimic the depth perception of binocular vision). Other three-dimensional cameras used four or more lenses to create images for lenticular prints.
Some multi-lens cameras were intended to create multiple copies of the same scene at one time, such as the gem tintype camera and passport camera, while others had shutters that took sequential shots to create images which show the passage of time on one frame.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Miniature and sub-miniature cameras

This series contains cameras designed to take photographs on flexible film sized smaller than 135 format film (24mm x 36mm). The size of the camera also tended to be very small, and often simply designed. While several companies manufactured high quality miniature cameras (including Minox and Rollei), many others were cheaply made and did not produce relatively poor results.

Film formats for miniature cameras were often priority, created by manufactures for their cameras specifically, and included the following sizes: 10mm x 14xx (16mm film), 13mm x 17mm film (110 film cartridges), 14mm x 14mm (used by "Hit" type cameras), 8mm x 11mm cartridge roll film (Minox), 11mm x 8mm disc film (Kodak).

Miniature cameras gained a reputation as "spy" cameras, and while some of the higher quality ones (including the Minox) were used by government agencies, most were simply for surreptitious, amateur use.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Field cameras

This series contains view cameras whose lighter and more compact design, as compared to larger, studio style cameras, allowed for them to be easily transported for use in outdoor settings and for travelling. Alterations like collapsible bellows (folding into either the back of the camera, the front or both), smaller lenses, and folding bodies allowed for the camera to be collapsed for easier movement. The advent of pre-prepared photographic dry plates (and later sheet film). further facilitated landscape and other outdoor photography.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

English wood and brass field camera

Item is a wood and brass folding field camera, likely of English manufacture, for (3 1/4" x 4 1/4") or "quarter plate" exposures on glass plates. Camera is a landscape orientation, bellows are extended and clipped in place with keyhole slugs and focused using twin tracks. The fixed lens board has a mounted f8 brass Taylor Taylor and Hobson brass lens with no shutter.

Perken, Son & Rayment field camera

Item is a wood and brass folding field camera, for 4 1/4" x 3 1/4" or quarter-plate exposures on glass plates. Camera bellows are extended and clipped in place with a keyhole slug and focused using a track. The removable lens board has a mounted f6 brass Perken, Son & Rayment lens with no shutter.

German tailboard camera with Rodenstock Bistigmat lens

Item is a wood and brass folding tailboard field camera, likely of German manufacture, for 18 x 13 cm (7" x 5") exposures on glass plates. Camera is equipped with square bellows, hinged ground glass focusing screen, and no shutter. Bellows are secured with pins, when extended, inserted into keyhole slots. The slide out lens board has a Rodenstock Bistigmat 13 x 18 lens with rotating aperture wheel. The camera is equipped with 2 plate holders for use with 18 x 13 cm (7" x 5") glass plates, with a wooden adapter insert to hold smaller 12 X 9 cm (3.75" x 2.5") plates.

English wetplate tailboard camera

Item is a wood and brass folding tailboard wet plate field camera, likely of English manufacture, for 10.7 x 8.2 cm (3 1/4" x 4 1/4") or "quarter plate" exposures on glass plates. Camera is a landscape orientation with square bellows, hinged ground glass focusing screen, and no shutter. Bellows are extended by twin tracks. The slide out lens board has a mounted brass lens, of unidentified manufacture, with rotating aperture wheel and leather lens cap.

The camera is very similar in design to a 1/4 wet plate camera model designed by W. Morley, London, but does not have the identifying makers marks.

Kodak Lecture Series and Image Arts Lectures

  • 2012.006
  • Collection
  • 1973-2007

Commencing in 1973, the Kodak Lecture Series Fonds contains audio and video recordings of lectures presenting the work of photographers, filmmakers, photo-based and new media artists, curators and visual media theorists.
A series of lectures at the School of Image Arts (then known as the Photographic Arts Department) was begun by professor Phil Bergerson in 1975 to support the school's unique curriculum. Bergerson wanted to expose his students to new artists and ideas around photography by inviting internationally known artists, curators and theorists to discuss the art of creating, collecting and curating photography. These lectures were financially supported by Ontario Arts Council Grants and ticket sales. The first series (Photographic Perspectives) was extreamly popular, and Bergerson continued to organize the lectures for the next 9 years.
Kodak Canada Inc. stepped in to sponsor the series in 1984, allowing students and the photographic comminity of Toronto to attend all lectures in the series without charge. The series was re-named the Kodak Chair Lecture series (1986-2007), and motion picture and, over time, video and new media artists and theorists joined the line-up of speakers.
Throughout the series, the lectures were documented, on audiocassette and then video tape. In 2009, the lectures began to be streamed online and archived on the RyeCast websites (https://ryecast.ryerson.ca/1/page/Channels.aspx). In 2002, the School of Image Arts received funding from the Canada's Digital Collections (CDC) program, through Industry Canada, to create an online multi-media database of over 200 of the participants, using images and footage captured during the lectures. The project, entitled "Images and Ideas: 25 Years of the Kodak Lecture Series", was completed in 2002 and hosted on the Library and Archives Canada server, along with thousands of other local and national digital projects. The Canada's Digital Collections website is no longer live, but is archived at the Government of Canada website: http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/E/Alphabet.asp
In addition to the Kodak Lectures, the fonds contains the audio recordings of the proceedings of the Canadian Perspectives Conference (1979), a Critique Workshop with Gary Winnogrand (1981), a Critical Writing Workshop with A. D..Coleman (1982), the proceedings of the August Sander Symposium (1982) and the Symposium on Photographic Theory (1983).

The Image Centre

Argoflex EF

Item is a metal twin lens reflex camera for 2 1/4" x 2 1/4" exposures on 620 format roll film. Coupled front lens focusing.

Toy and promotional cameras

Series contains cameras designed for children or created and distributed as marketing materials for different corporations. These cameras became most popular after the advent of film cartridges, as this greatly simplified the handling and lowered the cost. These cameras are predominantly inexpensive and simply designed, without features that allow the photographer to change aperture or shutter speed.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

One-time use cameras

Series contains cameras designed to be disposable. Usually simple, point and shoot cameras made of plastic cases with cardboard housings, these cameras were sold pre-loaded with film and returned to the photofinisher in tact for development. The plastic bodies were often returned to the manufacturer and re-used, with film and housing. Cameras such as this were marketed for travel, weddings, underwater or other situations where a more expensive camera may get damaged. They were available in different film speeds and some models included a flash.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

35mm cameras

Series contains cameras designed for use with standard 35mm (135 format) film. This became the most popular film and camera format, both among professionals and amateurs. Sturdy and multi-functional, with interchangeable lenses, these cameras found their way into civil wars, riots, and natural disasters around the necks of daring photojournalists as well as in homes and on vacation with advanced amateurs and photo-enthusiasts. Once exposed, the film was wound conveniently back into light-tight metal canisters that would protect the film until it could be developed.

For 35mm cameras marketed specifically to amateur photographers, see items in the Point-and-Shoot series.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Twin lens reflex cameras

Series contains cameras designed with two identical lenses, mounted one above the other, for composition and the other for exposure. The twin-lens design allows the photographer a continuous view of the subject while photographing, as the 45 degree angled mirror is mounted to the viewing lens only and therefore does not have to list out of the way during exposure, as in single lens reflex designs. Most designs used a waist level viewfinder with a ground glass.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Single lens reflex cameras

Series contains single lens reflex, or simply reflex, cameras. This deign used a mirror at a 45 degree angle to allow the photographer to look through the lens when composing the photograph, therefore seeing exactly what will appear on the film. Brilliant and sports style viewfinders only alllowed an approximation of the image alignment.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Detective cameras

Items in this series are photographic devices designed to be inconspicuous, intended for photographers to make candid exposures without the subject being aware. The first detective cameras appeared with the production of commercially available dry plates and designs were simple box camera style constructions. These were, in fact, very similar to standard cameras of the time, but were smaller, handheld and able to make exposures relatively quickly. As smaller, flexible film materials became available, these cameras began to be produced disguised as objects such as pocket watches, ties, books, hats, pens and walking sticks.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Scovill & Adams Company

Box and snapshot roll film cameras

Series contains simple, snapshot cameras designed for mass public consumption, taking advantage of the new flexible roll film that was developed in 1883. The box camera was a logical follow up from the original simple camera obscuras, often having only one shutter speed, simple lenses with minimal f-stop capabilities and manual winds.

The trend arguably began with George Eastman's in 1888 with the first, amateur, handheld camera, "The Kodak", which came pre-loaded with 100 exposures. After exposure, the entire outfit was returned to the Eastman Kodak company, where the film was developed, prints made and sent back to the customer with the camera, now re-loaded with more film.

Many millions of similar cameras were sold, both high and low end, manufactured by different companies and eventually developing into the modern point-and-shoot camera.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

Dry plate cameras

This series contains cameras designed for use with commercially manufactured dry plate negatives. Produced between about 1880 and 1900, these cameras began to be marketed to amateur photographers due to the relative ease of using dry plates. Exposure times shortened, necessitating faster shutters, within the lens or camera. The equipment also became more compact, allowing for hand-held photographs.

To browse the individual items in this series, click on the "View the list" link under the "File and item records are available for this series" title (to the right of the page).

"Slot machine makes perfect portraits"

Item is an article published in the Science and Invention magazine, in 1927. The article details the Photomaton, a photo booth similar to the Phototeria, invented by Anatol N. Josepho, and located at 1659 Broadway, in New York City.

Science and invention magazine

Phototeria questions

Item contains notes taken by George Dunbar in preparation for an article he wrote on the Phototeria in 2006.

Dunbar, George

Eumig C3R 8mm camera

Item is a double 8 cine camera taking 25' spools, optical eye-level finder and spring motor with Reichert Solar f1.9/12.5 mm. This item was produced in the late 1950's and is accompanied by a leather bag, original user's manual and orange lens filter. Written in the small pocket of the bag : Alfred Silverman, 44 Barclay RD, Downsview, Ont. Small knob on the back used to record.

Ricohmatic 225

Item is a Ricohmatic 225 in case. It is a 6x6 twin lens reflex camera made in Japan by Ricoh from 1959 to 1962. It is a synthesis of all the best technologies of the time. Used no. 120 film, but an optional kit was available to allow for the use of 135 films. Features an uncoupled selenium light meter, EVS numbering system with two ranges, Ricoh Viewer f 3.2/80mm lens/viewer, Seikosha SLV shutter with speeds 1-1/500 sec + B, aperture of 1/3.5 to 1/22, manual focusing, and crank film advance.

Man behind camera with boy

Item consists of a board, landscape poster featuring an image of a man and a boy standing in front of a tent and behind a camera. The man is covered by the camera blanket as he prepares his photograph, while the boy stands behind, holding a plate holder.

Kodak Canada Inc.

Photograph & Film Technology Collection

  • 2005.005
  • Collection
  • 1880 - 2008

This collection consists of photographic films, papers and chemicals used by various individuals for amateur or professional purposes. The collection also includes camera accessories, flash equipment, various lenses, exposure meters (light meters) and equpiment used for darkroom processing and printing. This is a growing collection, created to help preserve the materials used for analogue photographic developing, printing and enlarging.

Polyorama style stereoscope viewer with stand (Murray and Heath)

Item is a wooden polyorama style stereoscope with a detachable brass stand made to be a handheld stereoscope or standing stereoscope. There is a glass stereograph of a park view inside the stereoscope. Item comes with 3 prize ribbons for "Best in Category" at the National Stereoscopic Association Photography Shows. Lenses in viewer slide out to the side for cleaning, Reflecting lid is fitted with a convex mrror. Written on base of stand: 34 Picadilly London Registered Feb 1858

Canadian Perspectives Conference Transcript

  • 2012.006.05.31
  • Item
  • October 1979

Item consists on one published transcript of the proceedings of the Canadian perspectives conference conference on Canadian photography.

Contaflex II

Item is a 35mm, single lens reflex camera manufactured by the Zeiss Ikon Company. This model, introduced in 1954, has a Tessar 45mm f2.8 lens and synchro-compur leaf shutter. The camera has a built-in, uncoupled selenium exposure meter and a telephoto lens attachment that slides over the original lens (Teleskop 1.7 x NR 2507248).

Yashica Minimatic - EL

Item is a 35 mm camera with a split image rangefinder and automatic exposure camera. A signal appears in the viewfinder if the film will be overexposed and the shutter cannot be released. Lens is a Yashinon - DX, f1.7, 45 mm.

Kodak Retina Ia

Item is a manual focus, folding 35mm camera with Synchro-Compur lens. Made in Germany. An instruction book is included. Made in Germany at Kodak AG.

Baldamatic

Item is a 35mm camera with rapid-wind key on base. It has a coupled selenium light meter. Lens is a Baldanar F2.8 45mm with a Prontomat shutter. Automatic exposure is regulated with shutter speeds from 1/30th - 1/300th of a second.

Balda-Werk

Leica iif

Item is a small, hand-held metal camera with black vulcanite cover on body. Summitar lens (f=5cm), strap and lens cap included.

Leica R4

Item is a small hand held 35mm camera with metal and black vulcanite case. Two large metal rings attached on either side for a strap (not included). No lens included.

Kodak Six-20 Camera

Item is a folding camera with an enameled art-deco sides. The camera uses 620 film for 2.25" 3.25" exposures. The camera also has a fold down metal strut to support self-erecting front. The lens on the camera is a Kodak Anastigmat f6.3.

Mamiya c330

Item is a twin lens reflex medium format camera. Features on this model include a self-cocking winding crank with double exposure prevention.

Yashica LM

Item is a typical medium format twin lens reflex camera, designed to resemble a Rolleiflex. The "LM", for light meter, indicates that this model has a selenium cell exposure meter on top, with meter control on left side. Shutter: Copal MX. 80mm f3.5 Yashicor Lens.

Yashica Co. Ltd.

Ikoflex III camera

Item is a medium format twin lens reflex camera manufactured by Zeiss Ikon. this is the last pre-war Ikoflex model, released in June of 1939 and made in Stuttgart, Germany. For 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format roll film. The focusing screen has a condenser, magnifier for focusing and an “albada” finder (sports finder) in the hood. The viewing lens is an f3.5, 7.5 cm Teronar Anastigmat, lower lens is a Triotar f 3.5, 7.5 cm, Carl Zeiss Jena. Shutter is a Zeiss Ikon Compur Rapid, with speeds of 1 - 1/400 second and Bulb. Model number "853/16" is stamped under the lens assembly. Inside the viewfinder is a chart for seasonal exposure times.

Foth-Flex II

Item is a medium format, twin lens reflex camera for 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format film. Lens is an Anistigmant 75mm, F2.5 with a cloth focal plane shutter (speeds from 2 second to 1/500th). This model of camera was available in both left and right-handed models.

Rolleicord Model 1

Item is an inexpensive version of the classic Rolleiflex medium format, twin lens reflex camera with fewer features. Shot 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 film; adapters could be obtained to shoot with 35mm and sheet film. The lens is a Zeiss Triotar f 3.8, 7.5cm with a 28.5 filter screw mount.

Ikoflex II camera

Item is a medium format twin lens reflex camera for 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format roll film, produced by Zeiss Ikon. Model number 252/16 stamped underneath. Lens is a Triotar 75mm, f3.5 with a compur 1 to 1/300 shutter.

Exakta Varex 500

Item is a postwar model camera, made in occupied East Germany. is possibly a variant of the VX 500 , but not exactly like it. The prism can be removed, shutter speeds are B, Flash, 1/30 to 1/500 sec, double flash sync contact at left side, lens is West German Schneider Zreuznach Xenon 50mm f1.9.

Kalimar Reflex

Item is a single lens reflex camera 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 roll film. Made by Fujita Optical Company for Kalimar (in the USA), the cloth focal plane shutter allows exposures from B to 1/500 sec. Film counter set manually at the first exposure (start at arrow on film back) Sports style viewfinder on viewer shaft.

Salyut Kiev 88C

Item is a medium format, single lens reflex replica of the Swedish Hasselblad 1600 F camera manufactured in Russia. For 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format film. Shutter is a foil focal plane style. Camera kit includes 2 film backs, an eye level viewfinder and 80 mm 2.8 lens.

Praktica FX3

Item is an 35mm reflex camera with a waist-level viewfinder and a non auto-return mirror. Manufactured in Soviet controlled East Germany, the company and the Desden factory closed after reunification. The lens is a Meyer Gorlitz Domiplan 1:2.8/50mm.

Kodak Brownie Holiday Flash

Item is a brown moulded plastic box camera designed by Eastman Kodak employee Arthur H. Crapsey Jr. for use with 127 film (4x6 cm exposures). The camera features a fixed speed rotary shutter and plastic lens. Item does not include the flash unit. This model was made in Canada, at the Canadian Kodak plant in Toronto.

Zeiss Super Ikonta C (folding camera)

Item is a folding camera for use with Zeiss Ikon B2 6x9cm 120 roll film. The camera includes a Carl Zeiss Jena Tessar f3.5, 105mm lens and Compur rapid shutter with speeds from 1 second to 1/400, plus bulb setting.

ICA Lloyd 575 folding camera

Item is a camera produced by ICA with a Carl Zeisa lens. The camera uses [xfilm], has [X] lenses, [X] shutter speed of [X]. Item also comes with a leather case.

46B visual survey telebinocular

Item is a 46B Visual Survey Telebinocular used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect. Item is metal with a plastic eye piece. A lamp bulb is installed and attached to a power cable. Lamp bulb illuminates backs of stereographs or transparencies when viewed through the eye piece. Patent No. 2557608 made by Keystone View Company. Comes with 4 stereographs made by various photographers and studios such as G.W. Wilson, Underwood & Underwood and B.W Kilburn.

Revolving stereoscope viewer (A. Mattey)

Item is a wooden tabletop stereoscope with binocular viewer made with 50 built in glass stereographs of landscapes from Quebec and Montreal, factories and vernacular photography. Top of the stereoscope can open for additional light. Inside the object is a revolving metal belt (patented by Alexander Beckers) holding the stereographs that can be turned by the circular handles on the outside of the viewer.

Written on object: 76/Unis-France Stereoscopes Mattey-Paris/3.

Revolving stereoscope viewer (Alex Beckers)

Item is a mahogany table top viewer adorned with doric style pillars. Item has two binocular style viewers on opposing ends. The optical rear eyepiece allows for back to back slide mountings. Inside the object is a revolving metal belt that can be turned by the circular handle on the outside of the viewer. The revolving belt can hold a minimum of 30 stereographs. Within the viewer are 10 stereographs made of glass, tissue and paper with themes ranging from landmarks, landscapes, portraits, and interior decor. Written on item: Alex Beckers New York Patent April 7 1857; March 1 & 29 1859; April 12 1859; Dec. 12 1859.

Combination graphoscope and stereoscope viewer (Nelson Wood & Company)

Item is a wooden and metal combination graphoscope and stereoscope. Glass is framed by detailed floral carving. Body is able to fold onto itself and stand on a floral engraved stand. Graphoscope is a viewing device used to enlarge photographs and text. Item is a made of a magnifying glass in a wooden frame and can collapse into a compact form. Whereas the Stereoscope was used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect.

Holmes stereoscope viewer

Item is a Holmes stereoscope with a detachable pedestal made to be a handheld stereoscope or standing stereoscope.Originally designed by Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894), the Holmes stereoscope became the prototype for all stereoscopes of the 19th century. His passion for stereoscope technological possibilities became a significant factor in their widespread distributionThis object was often used for entertainment or education. The sterescope was built with a sliding card holder and hood to protect eyes from additional light. Next, two nearly identical images would be mounted and placed in the holder in front of the viewer. Then the images would be looked at through the viewer and merge together to mimic a three-dimensional object. This image was often referred to as a stereograph.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell

Holmes style stereoscope viewer (unknown)

Item is a wooden pedestal Holmes style stereoscope. The viewer can bend at the base. Hood of viewer has small metal balls decorating the edges. This item was used to view stereographs. This object was used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the sliding card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect.

Wooden pedestal stereoscope viewer

Item is a wooden Holmes style stereoscope attached to a pedestal. Stereoscope viewer is made of cardboard and lined with velvet. Viewer is able to bend at the base.This object was used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the sliding card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect.

Combination hoodless graphoscope and stereoscope viewer

Item is a wooden pedestal Holmes style stereoscope. Hood of stereoscope is made of cardboard and adorned with a golden leaf pattern around the edges. Graphoscope is a viewing device used to enlarge photographs and text. Item is a made of a magnifying glass in a wooden frame and can collapse into a compact form.This object was used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect. This object can collapse into a compact form.

Pontioscope viewer

This item is an optical instrument designed to create larger three-dimensional experiences from a two-dimensional photograph. Item is made of wood and has two sets of lenses made to enlarge images. Lenses also create different effects: "day effect" caused by reflected light, and a"night effect" created from a transparency with light shining through it. Item folds down onto itself. The pontioscope was one of many optical instruments designed by Carlo Ponti (1823-1893). Ponti also made and distributed stereoviews of Italian cities and reproductions of art. In 1866, Ponti became the official photographer to the king of Italy. Eventually opening other branches throughout Europe, America and Canada. In 1868, a legal battle began between Carlo Naya and Carlo Ponti over the rights to Ponti’s inventions. Naya had worked with Ponti from 1857 onwards developing pictures under his trademark,however, in 1868 Naya began selling imitations of Ponti’s inventions. In 1876, Ponti attempted to get back the sole rights to his invention but was unsuccessful.

Ponti, Carlo

Hummingbird combination graphoscope and stereoscope viewer

Item is a black and green combination viewer and stereoscope with hummingbird and lily pad carvings detailed with minerals. Graphoscope is a viewing device used to enlarge photographs and text. Item is a made of a magnifying glass in a wooden frame and can collapse into a compact form. Whereas the stereoscope was used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect. This object can collapse into a compact form.

Cheiroscope viewer (optical drawing device)

This item is an optical drawing device. It was designed to trace images appearing in the reflection of the mirrors. There are two slots on either part of the device to hold templates. The mirror swings back and forth beneath the stand to ensure a better view of the templates. Item comes with original manual titled "When And How To Use The Cheiroscope In Visual Training By Dr. Lee H. Jalonack O.D.F.D.S.F"

Uncle Sam's movie projector and movie tracer

This item is a brown electric projector with a metal exterior and 1 reel containing paper duracolour filmstrips. On either side of the object are spindles designed to hold the film.Some versions of this item come with a sound mechanism that can be attached on the centre of the turning wheel by a screw. The handle turns both the film and audio simultaneously. This object was intended to be a children's toy.

Airequipt stereo theatre viewer

This item is a grey and red metal personal viewer with a built in light source to illuminate backs of colour transparencies. Viewer can be adjusted by either knob on the sides or top. The push leaver on the side rotates the images within the reel.

View-Master deluxe projector

Item is a brown electric view master projector manufactured by Swayer's Inc. Originally this item was meant as an educational tool for adults but quickly became a popular children's toy. Item is made of plastic and metal. This projector has adjustable lenses, 100 watt light bulb, metal angle adjustment, slot to insert reels on the top and vent to cool light. The lever on the side of the viewer will rotate the reel one frame at a time once pressed. From box: 100 watt projector, 1/2.8 lens, 2 1/4 focal lengeth, and 50" picture image. This projector was designed to project view master reels against flat white screens.

Revolving stereoscope viewer (J.W. Cadwell)

Item is a wooden tabletop revolving stereoscope. Handles on sides of the object turn a internal central axle built to rotate stereographs. Stereograph slots come with a clip that holds two stereographs back to back. Double viewer is hooded to control additional light and moves to adjust view.

Cadwell, J.W.

Stereograph box with built in stereoscope viewer (unknown)

Item is a upright wooden box made to house stereographs. There are three slots in the box with 30 stereographs of Palestine ca. 1899 inside. Images were produced by several different stereo studios such as Underwood & Underwood and Keystone View Company. The stereoscope is made out of wood with a metal hood covering the viewer from additional light.This object was used to view two nearly identical photographs, or stereographs, as one three dimensional image. The stereograph would be placed in the sliding card holder and adjusted to fit the user's vision until the two images overlap to mimic a three-dimensional effect.

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