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Bass Stereoscopic Photography Collection Cameras (photographic equipment)
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Bass Stereoscopic Photography Collection

  • 2018.09
  • Coleção
  • [ca. 1850 - ca. 1996]

The collection contains stereoscopic photographs, viewers, and cameras, collected by the donors between the 1970's and the 1990's and dating from the 1850's to the 1990's. Material includes a variety of viewers, cameras, photographs, and ephemera relating to three-dimensional photography.

Stereoscopic Cameras

Series consists of 17 cameras designed to take identical images of the same subject from two lenses, approximately 2.5 inches apart or the same distance between human eyes. Cameras are able to make stereo pairs or single images. Cameras in this series range between ca.1850 and ca.1996.

The stereoscope was invented by Charles Wheatstone in 1838 to demonstrate binocular vision and its role in depth perception. Wheatstone used a pair of drawings to show how each eye could see a slight difference in each image, until the single images are superimposed onto each other through a stereoscope, revealing a three-dimensional effect. With the later establishment of photography, creation of Sir David Brewster's portable stereoscope in 1894 and the introduction of the wet-plate collodion process in 1851, did the stereoscopic industry rise to popularity.

Prior to the development of stereo-cameras, a single camera was used to produce either two daguerreotypes or calotypes in succession. The camera would be moved a few inches to one side between exposures in an attempt to produce pictures that looked identical or what was seen by the two eyes. However, this method was based off trial and error, as the quality of the three-dimensional effect might have been compromised by inadequate distance between exposures or alteration of camera angle, subject, and lighting conditions.

The two basic camera types designed to produce stereoscopic pairs are the single-lensed and double-lensed cameras. The double-lensed or binocular cameras allowed photographers to make simultaneous exposures for more accurate stereo photographs. The increasing demand for stereo imagery called for more portable cameras. Field cameras that folded to a compact size enabled photographers to leave the studio and produce stereos outdoors or previously inaccessible places. Later camera designs would have a standard format of 23x 24 mm with a focal length of 35mm and faster shutter speeds.

3D binocular viewfinder camera (Coronet)

Item is a plastic stereo camera typically found through mail order catalogues. For 4.5 x 5 cm exposures on 127 mm roll film. Shutter speed 1/50. Twin f11 menscus fixed focal lenses. Lens are labelled as 1 and 2. Written on item: Bioncular viewfinder patents applied for, coronet 3-D, present use 127 film, to take 8 picture close cover blase over No.1 lens make exposures on every number from 1 to 8, to take 4 pairs stereo picture open cover blase over no.1 lens. make exposures only on odd numbers (1, 3, 5 and 7), use no. 127 roll film.

Kodak Stereo Camera (Kodak)

Item is a stereo camera made of metal and plastic. Camera takes pairs of 24 x 24 mm exposures on 35 mm film. Uses f3.5/35 mm lenses. Item comes with brown leather case branded with Kodak on the front and lens cap.

3D binocular viewfinder camera (Coronet)

Item is a plastic three-dimensional stereo camera with binocular viewfinder. This item makes 4 stereo pairs or 8 single images, exposure is 4.5 x 5 cm on 127 mm roll film. The single shutter-speed is 1/50, twin f11 meniscus fixed-focus lenses, lenses are separated by 53 mm. Instructions on how to use the camera on labelled on the back of the object by manufacturer. Item has simple uncoated lenses with flash contacts on the right side.

Nimslo 3D 35mm camera (Nimslo)

Item is a three-dimensional 35 mm camera made by Nimslo. Item produces 3-dimensional colour pictures with 100 or 400 ASA speeds, is fully automatic, compact and lightweight, comes with four pre-focused glass lenses, additional flash, and all original instructions. Item comes in original box with 5 film strip negatives rejected from Nimslo printing centre. Film strips would be sent by users to the Nimslo printing centre where Nimslo would complete the printing process. Written on box : Product and/or photographic process covered by one or more of U.S. patents No. 3960563, No. 4037950, No. 4086585, No. D264343, Other Patents Pending.

Revere 33 stereo camera

This item is a three-dimensional stereo rangefinder camera designed with two lenses to simultaneously expose two frames at once. The images produced can be inserted into a stereoscope and viewed at as a three-dimensional image. F3. 5-22/35mm amaton lenses in a MFX-synch Rapax shutter, T,B, 1/2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 automatic or manual. Emblem of Revere Campera Co. brand on face of camera. Item also comes with a Revere brown leather case and brown and white stripe shoulder strap. Item takes 23x25mm stereo pairs, lenses spaced 70 mm.

Carved into camera is a serial number : 425-082-138